Decomposition is the natural breakdown of a body after death, driven by bacteria, enzymes, and insects. Within hours, internal bacteria begin digesting soft tissues, producing gases that cause bloating and discoloration. This stage releases strong odors that attract flies, especially blowflies, which lay eggs in moist areas like the mouth, eyes, and wounds. These eggs hatch into maggots—larvae that feed on decaying tissue, accelerating decomposition. Maggot activity generates heat and movement, breaking down flesh rapidly and aiding in skeletonization. As they feed, maggots migrate through body cavities, creating tunnels and spreading bacteria. Their growth occurs in predictable stages, allowing forensic entomologists to estimate time since death based on maggot size and species. Eventually, when most soft tissue is consumed, maggots pupate and leave the body, marking the transition to the advanced decay stage where only dried tissue, cartilage, and bones remain.
Fig.1 Decomposition and maggot infestation
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